Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia
A progressive brain condition that causes memory loss and problems with thinking, behaviour and daily activities. It's the most common cause of dementia.
Quick Summary
Forgetting recent events, repeating questions, getting lost, difficulty with words, planning and daily tasks, and mood or personality changes.
Medicines that may ease symptoms for a time, support for daily living, and care for the person and family.
Older age, family history, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, inactivity, hearing loss and head injuries.
Overview
Dementia is a group of symptoms caused by brain diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, abnormal proteins build up and brain cells die.
It slowly gets worse over years. Early diagnosis helps people and families plan and get support.
Symptoms
Memory loss
Especially for recent events.
Confusion
Getting lost in familiar places.
Difficulty with tasks
Cooking, managing money or using a phone.
Mood changes
Anxiety, depression, irritability or withdrawal.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Build-up of amyloid and tau proteins in the brain damaging nerve cells.
Key Risk Factors
- Age Risk doubles every five years after 65.
- Heart risk factors High blood pressure, diabetes and smoking.
- Lifestyle Inactivity, social isolation and untreated hearing loss.
Management & Treatment
01. Medicines
Donepezil and others may help memory for a time.
02. Support
Routines, memory aids and a safe home.
03. Carer support
Information, respite care and support groups for families.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is memory loss normal with age?
Can dementia be prevented?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Alzheimer's Disease | AD(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Alzheimer's disease(opens in a new tab) · NHS