Bell's Palsy

Sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face, caused by inflammation of the facial nerve. Most people recover fully.

NervesFaceLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Sudden drooping on one side of the face, difficulty closing the eye, drooling, changes in taste and pain behind the ear.

Common Treatments

Steroid tablets started within 72 hours, eye protection, and sometimes antivirals.

Risk Factors

Diabetes, pregnancy, viral infections, and age 15–60.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Bell's palsy affects the facial nerve, which controls the muscles of one side of the face. It's thought to be linked to viral infections.

Most people start to improve within a few weeks and recover within six months. Stroke must be ruled out, as it can look similar.

Symptoms

Facial drooping

One side of the face, including the forehead.

Can't close the eye

Eye may become dry or irritated.

Drooling

And difficulty eating.

Ear pain or sound sensitivity

On the affected side.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Swelling of the facial nerve, possibly triggered by a virus.

Key Risk Factors

  • Diabetes Increases risk.
  • Pregnancy Especially the third trimester.
  • Viral infections Such as cold sores or flu.

Management & Treatment

01. Steroids

Prednisolone started early improves recovery.

02. Eye care

Eye drops, ointment and taping at night.

03. Follow-up

Physiotherapy and review if recovery is slow.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it a stroke?
Not usually, but get urgent help to rule out stroke, especially with arm or leg weakness.
Will it come back?
It rarely recurs.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.