Bronchiectasis
A long-term condition where the airways become permanently widened and scarred, causing a persistent cough with lots of mucus and frequent chest infections.
Quick Summary
A daily cough with large amounts of phlegm, breathlessness, tiredness and repeated chest infections.
Airway clearance exercises, antibiotics for infections, inhaled treatments and vaccinations.
Previous severe lung infections such as TB or pneumonia, immune problems and some inherited conditions.
Overview
In bronchiectasis, damaged airways can't clear mucus properly, so it builds up and bacteria grow, leading to more inflammation and damage.
In India, past tuberculosis is a common cause. Treatment helps keep the airways clear and reduces flare-ups.
Symptoms
Persistent cough
With lots of mucus every day.
Breathlessness
With activity.
Frequent infections
Flare-ups with more phlegm, fever and tiredness.
Coughing blood
Sometimes; seek medical help.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Damage to the airway walls from infection or inflammation, leading to permanent widening.
Key Risk Factors
- Past lung infections TB, severe pneumonia, whooping cough or measles.
- Immune problems Weakened immune defences.
- Other conditions Cystic fibrosis, some allergic lung conditions and rheumatoid arthritis.
Management & Treatment
01. Airway clearance
Daily breathing techniques and physiotherapy to clear mucus.
02. Antibiotics
For flare-ups, sometimes long-term for frequent infections.
03. Prevention
Flu and pneumococcal vaccines and staying active.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is it diagnosed?
Is it the same as COPD?
Can it be cured?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.