Cerebral Palsy

A lifelong condition affecting movement and posture, caused by damage to the developing brain before, during or soon after birth.

ChildrenDevelopmentLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Stiff or floppy muscles, delayed sitting and walking, unusual movements, and sometimes problems with speech, swallowing or learning.

Common Treatments

Physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy, medicines for stiffness, aids and sometimes surgery.

Risk Factors

Premature birth, low birth weight, lack of oxygen at birth, infections in pregnancy and newborn jaundice.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Cerebral palsy doesn't get worse over time, but its effects can change as a child grows.

Early therapy helps children reach their potential.

Symptoms

Delayed milestones

Late sitting, crawling or walking.

Muscle stiffness

Or floppiness.

Uncontrolled movements

And poor coordination.

Other needs

Speech, vision, hearing or learning difficulties.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Brain injury or abnormal brain development early in life.

Key Risk Factors

  • Premature birth Major risk.
  • Birth complications Lack of oxygen.
  • Infections During pregnancy or in newborns.

Management & Treatment

01. Therapies

Physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy.

02. Medicines

To reduce stiffness.

03. Support

Aids, education support and surgery when needed.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will it get worse?
The brain injury doesn't, but needs can change.
Can children with CP go to school?
Yes, with the right support.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.