Diabetic Retinopathy
Damage to the blood vessels at the back of the eye caused by diabetes. It can lead to blindness if not found and treated early.
Quick Summary
Usually none early. Later: blurred vision, floaters, dark patches and sudden vision loss.
Good control of blood sugar and blood pressure, laser treatment, eye injections and surgery.
Long duration of diabetes, poor blood sugar control, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and pregnancy.
Overview
High blood sugar damages tiny blood vessels in the retina, which may leak or grow abnormally.
Everyone with diabetes should have a dilated eye check at least once a year, as early changes cause no symptoms.
Symptoms
No early symptoms
Found on eye screening.
Blurred vision
From swelling in the centre of the retina.
Floaters
Spots or strings in vision.
Sudden vision loss
From bleeding in the eye: urgent care.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
High blood sugar damaging the small blood vessels of the retina.
Key Risk Factors
- Diabetes duration Risk increases with years of diabetes.
- Poor control High sugar and blood pressure.
- Pregnancy Can speed up changes.
Management & Treatment
01. Control diabetes
Blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol.
02. Laser and injections
To stop leaks and abnormal vessels.
03. Regular screening
Yearly eye checks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can it be reversed?
Do I need eye checks if I see well?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Diabetic Eye Problems(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Diabetic retinopathy(opens in a new tab) · NHS