Genital Herpes

A common sexually transmitted viral infection causing painful blisters that can come back.

InfectionSexual healthLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Painful blisters or sores on the genitals, itching, pain passing urine and flu-like symptoms during the first outbreak.

Common Treatments

Antiviral medicines such as aciclovir to shorten outbreaks; long-term treatment for frequent outbreaks.

Risk Factors

Unprotected sex and contact with sores.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Genital herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus. The virus stays in the body and can cause repeated outbreaks.

Outbreaks usually become milder and less frequent over time.

Symptoms

Blisters

Painful sores.

Itching and tingling

Before sores appear.

Pain passing urine

During outbreaks.

Flu-like symptoms

With the first outbreak.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Herpes simplex virus spread through skin-to-skin contact.

Key Risk Factors

  • Unprotected sex Not using condoms.
  • Multiple partners Or a partner with other partners.
  • Previous STIs Increase risk.

Management & Treatment

01. Antivirals

Aciclovir or valaciclovir.

02. Symptom relief

Salt baths and painkillers.

03. Prevention

Condoms and avoiding sex during outbreaks.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can herpes be cured?
No, but it can be managed.
Can it affect pregnancy?
Tell your doctor; it can be managed safely.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.