Glaucoma
A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to high pressure in the eye, and can cause permanent vision loss.
Quick Summary
Usually no symptoms early on. Gradual loss of side vision. Acute glaucoma causes sudden eye pain, redness, blurred vision and headache.
Eye drops to lower eye pressure, laser treatment and surgery.
Age over 40, family history, high eye pressure, diabetes, short-sightedness and long-term steroid use.
Overview
Glaucoma is called the 'silent thief of sight' because vision loss is slow and often unnoticed until advanced.
Vision lost to glaucoma can't be restored, but treatment can stop further loss. Regular eye checks after 40 are important.
Symptoms
No early symptoms
Most people don't notice anything.
Side vision loss
Gradual tunnel vision.
Acute attack
Sudden eye pain, redness, halos and blurred vision: urgent care.
Headache and nausea
With acute glaucoma.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Damage to the optic nerve, usually from raised pressure inside the eye.
Key Risk Factors
- Age and family history Over 40 and relatives with glaucoma.
- Medical conditions Diabetes and high blood pressure.
- Steroid use Long-term steroid eye drops or tablets.
Management & Treatment
01. Eye drops
Daily drops such as timolol or latanoprost.
02. Laser treatment
To improve fluid drainage.
03. Surgery
When drops and laser aren't enough.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can glaucoma be cured?
How is it detected?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Glaucoma(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Glaucoma(opens in a new tab) · NHS