Heatstroke
A life-threatening condition where the body overheats and can't cool itself, usually during heatwaves or heavy exercise in heat.
Quick Summary
Very high body temperature, hot dry or sweaty skin, confusion, headache, fast heartbeat, vomiting and fainting.
Emergency cooling and medical care. Call 112, move to shade and cool the person with water and fanning.
Heatwaves, outdoor work, heavy exercise, older age, young children, dehydration and some medicines.
Overview
Heat exhaustion (heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness) can progress to heatstroke if the person isn't cooled.
India faces frequent heatwaves. Heatstroke can damage the brain and organs, so rapid cooling is vital.
Symptoms
Very high temperature
Usually over 40°C.
Confusion
Slurred speech, agitation or fits.
Fast heartbeat
And fast breathing.
Collapse
Fainting or unconsciousness.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
The body's temperature control fails after prolonged heat exposure or exertion.
Key Risk Factors
- Heatwaves High temperature and humidity.
- Outdoor work Labourers, farmers and traffic police.
- Vulnerable groups Older people, children and people with chronic illness.
Management & Treatment
01. Cool immediately
Move to shade, remove extra clothing, spray with water and fan.
02. Call 112
Heatstroke needs emergency medical care.
03. Prevention
Drink water, avoid midday sun, wear light clothing and take breaks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is heat exhaustion the same?
Should I give fluids?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Heat Illness(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Heat exhaustion and heatstroke(opens in a new tab) · NHS