Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone, slowing down the body's processes.
Quick Summary
Tiredness, weight gain, feeling cold, constipation, dry skin, hair thinning, low mood and heavy periods.
Daily levothyroxine tablets to replace the missing hormone, with regular blood tests.
Being female, older age, autoimmune disease (Hashimoto's), family history, iodine deficiency and thyroid treatment.
Overview
The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that makes hormones controlling metabolism. When it's underactive, many body functions slow down.
Hypothyroidism is common in India, especially in women. It's easily diagnosed with a blood test and well treated with daily tablets.
Symptoms
Tiredness
Feeling tired and sluggish.
Feeling cold
Even in warm weather.
Dry skin and hair loss
Brittle nails and thinning hair.
Low mood and slowness
Poor memory and depression.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Most often Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid; also iodine deficiency, thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine.
Key Risk Factors
- Female sex Women are much more likely to be affected.
- Autoimmune conditions Type 1 diabetes, vitiligo and others.
- Pregnancy and after birth Thyroid problems can start then.
Management & Treatment
01. Levothyroxine
Taken every morning on an empty stomach.
02. Blood tests
TSH checks to find the right dose.
03. Pregnancy care
Needs closer monitoring during pregnancy.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will I need treatment for life?
Does it cause weight gain?
Should I take it with food?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Hypothyroidism(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)(opens in a new tab) · NHS