Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis)

A parasitic infection spread by sandflies, causing long-lasting fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. It's fatal without treatment.

InfectionLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Long-lasting fever, weight loss, enlarged spleen and liver, anaemia and darkening of the skin.

Common Treatments

Antiparasitic treatment such as liposomal amphotericin B, available free in endemic areas.

Risk Factors

Living in endemic areas of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh, poor housing and malnutrition.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Kala-azar is caused by Leishmania donovani parasites. India has made great progress toward eliminating it.

Some people develop a skin condition (PKDL) after treatment, which also needs care.

Symptoms

Long-lasting fever

For weeks.

Weight loss

And weakness.

Enlarged spleen

Swollen tummy.

Skin darkening

Hence 'black fever'.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Infection with Leishmania donovani spread by sandfly bites.

Key Risk Factors

  • Location Endemic districts.
  • Housing Mud houses with cracks where sandflies live.
  • Malnutrition Increases severity.

Management & Treatment

01. Treatment

Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or other regimens.

02. Vector control

Indoor spraying.

03. Follow-up

For relapse or PKDL.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is kala-azar curable?
Yes, with treatment.
How is it diagnosed?
With a rapid blood test.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.