Leprosy

A long-term bacterial infection affecting the skin and nerves. It's curable with free multi-drug therapy.

InfectionSkinNervesLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Pale or reddish skin patches with loss of feeling, numbness in hands or feet, weakness and painless wounds.

Common Treatments

Multi-drug therapy for 6–12 months, free in India, plus care to prevent disability.

Risk Factors

Long-term close contact with untreated people, and weak immunity.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It spreads slowly through droplets from untreated people.

Early treatment prevents disability. Stigma is a barrier, but leprosy is curable and people on treatment aren't infectious.

Symptoms

Numb skin patches

Pale or red patches without feeling.

Numb hands or feet

Tingling or numbness.

Weakness

In hands or feet.

Painless wounds

Burns or cuts unnoticed.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Infection with Mycobacterium leprae.

Key Risk Factors

  • Close contact Household contacts of untreated cases.
  • Immunity Weak immunity.
  • Region Some districts have more cases.

Management & Treatment

01. Multi-drug therapy

Rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine.

02. Nerve protection

Treating reactions early.

03. Self-care

Daily checks of hands and feet.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is leprosy contagious?
Only mildly, and not after starting treatment.
Is treatment free?
Yes, under the national programme.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.