Age-Related Macular Degeneration

An eye condition affecting the centre of vision in older adults, making reading and recognising faces harder.

EyesLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Blurred or distorted central vision, straight lines looking wavy, and a dark spot in the centre of vision.

Common Treatments

Injections into the eye for wet AMD; supplements and low-vision aids for dry AMD.

Risk Factors

Age over 50, smoking, family history and high blood pressure.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

AMD damages the macula, the part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. Side vision is usually kept.

Wet AMD can cause rapid vision loss and needs prompt treatment.

Symptoms

Central blur

Difficulty reading.

Distorted lines

Wavy straight lines.

Dark spot

In the centre of vision.

Face recognition

Difficulty recognising faces.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Ageing changes in the macula; abnormal blood vessels in wet AMD.

Key Risk Factors

  • Age Over 50.
  • Smoking Doubles the risk.
  • Family history Increases risk.

Management & Treatment

01. Eye injections

Anti-VEGF for wet AMD.

02. Supplements

Specific vitamins for some dry AMD.

03. Low-vision aids

Magnifiers and lighting.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will I go blind?
Central vision may be lost, but side vision usually remains.
How is it checked?
Eye examination and OCT scan.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.