Ovarian Cancer

Cancer of the ovaries, often found late because early symptoms are vague.

CancerLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Persistent bloating, tummy or pelvic pain, feeling full quickly, needing to pass urine often and changes in bowel habit.

Common Treatments

Surgery and chemotherapy; targeted medicines for some types.

Risk Factors

Older age, family history of ovarian or breast cancer, BRCA genes, endometriosis and never having been pregnant.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Symptoms are often mistaken for stomach problems. Bloating that's persistent and new, especially after 50, should be checked.

There's no reliable screening test for women at average risk.

Symptoms

Persistent bloating

Most days.

Tummy or pelvic pain

Ongoing.

Feeling full quickly

Loss of appetite.

Urinary changes

Frequency or urgency.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Genetic changes in ovarian or fallopian tube cells.

Key Risk Factors

  • Age Most common after menopause.
  • Genes BRCA1, BRCA2 and Lynch syndrome.
  • Family history Ovarian or breast cancer.

Management & Treatment

01. Surgery

Removing ovaries and affected tissue.

02. Chemotherapy

After or before surgery.

03. Targeted therapy

PARP inhibitors for some.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does a Pap smear detect ovarian cancer?
No, it only checks the cervix.
What tests are used?
Ultrasound and the CA-125 blood test.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.