Pre-eclampsia
A serious pregnancy condition with high blood pressure and protein in the urine, usually after 20 weeks. It can be dangerous for mother and baby.
Quick Summary
Often none at first. Later: severe headache, vision problems, pain below the ribs, sudden swelling of face or hands, and vomiting.
Close monitoring, blood pressure medicines, magnesium sulphate to prevent fits, and delivery of the baby.
First pregnancy, previous pre-eclampsia, high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, twins and age over 40.
Overview
Pre-eclampsia is linked to problems with the placenta. It's a leading cause of illness and death in mothers worldwide.
Regular blood pressure and urine checks during pregnancy help find it early. Low-dose aspirin may be advised for women at high risk.
Symptoms
Severe headache
That doesn't go away.
Vision problems
Blurring or flashing lights.
Pain below the ribs
On the right side.
Fits
Eclampsia: call 112.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Abnormal development of the placenta's blood vessels.
Key Risk Factors
- First pregnancy Higher risk.
- Medical conditions High blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease.
- Previous pre-eclampsia Increases risk again.
Management & Treatment
01. Monitoring
Regular blood pressure, urine and blood tests, and scans.
02. Medicines
To lower blood pressure and prevent fits.
03. Delivery
The only cure is delivering the baby.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can it be prevented?
Does it go away after birth?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Pre-eclampsia(opens in a new tab) · NHS