Ulcerative Colitis

A long-term condition where the lining of the large bowel becomes inflamed and develops ulcers, causing bloody diarrhoea.

DigestionAutoimmuneLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Diarrhoea with blood or mucus, urgent need to pass stool, tummy cramps, tiredness and weight loss.

Common Treatments

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as mesalazine, steroids for flares, immune-modifying medicines and sometimes surgery.

Risk Factors

Family history, age 15–30, and some genetic factors.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the rectum and colon in a continuous stretch.

It flares and settles. Long-standing colitis increases bowel cancer risk, so regular colonoscopy checks are advised.

Symptoms

Bloody diarrhoea

With mucus.

Urgency

A sudden need to pass stool.

Tummy cramps

Often before passing stool.

Tiredness

From inflammation and anaemia.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

An abnormal immune response causes inflammation of the bowel lining.

Key Risk Factors

  • Family history IBD in relatives.
  • Age Often starts in young adults.
  • Genes and environment Both play a part.

Management & Treatment

01. Mesalazine

Reduces inflammation and helps prevent flares.

02. Steroids and immune medicines

For moderate to severe disease.

03. Surgery

Removing the colon for severe disease or complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can diet cure colitis?
Diet can help symptoms but doesn't cure it.
Is it linked to cancer?
Long-standing colitis raises risk; regular checks help.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.