Uterine Fibroids
Non-cancerous growths in or around the womb. Many cause no symptoms, but some cause heavy periods and pain.
Quick Summary
Heavy or long periods, pelvic pressure or pain, frequent urination, constipation and a swollen tummy.
No treatment if no symptoms; medicines for bleeding; procedures or surgery for larger fibroids.
Age 30–50, family history, obesity and starting periods early.
Overview
Fibroids are very common and are made of muscle and fibrous tissue. They often shrink after menopause.
Heavy bleeding from fibroids can cause anaemia.
Symptoms
Heavy periods
Sometimes with clots.
Pelvic pressure
Or pain.
Frequent urination
From pressure on the bladder.
Tiredness
From anaemia.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Growth of muscle cells in the womb, influenced by oestrogen and progesterone.
Key Risk Factors
- Age Most common in the 30s and 40s.
- Family history Fibroids in relatives.
- Weight Obesity raises risk.
Management & Treatment
01. Medicines
Tranexamic acid, hormonal treatments and iron for anaemia.
02. Procedures
Embolisation or removal of fibroids.
03. Surgery
Hysterectomy in some cases.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are fibroids cancer?
Do they affect pregnancy?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Uterine Fibroids(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Fibroids(opens in a new tab) · NHS