Varicose Veins

Swollen, twisted veins visible under the skin, usually in the legs. They're common and often harmless.

VeinsLegsLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Bulging blue or purple veins, aching or heavy legs, swollen ankles, itching and cramps, worse after standing.

Common Treatments

Compression stockings, exercise and raising the legs; procedures to close or remove veins if needed.

Risk Factors

Older age, being female, pregnancy, obesity, family history and jobs with long periods of standing.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Veins have valves that keep blood flowing towards the heart. When the valves weaken, blood pools and veins stretch and twist.

Varicose veins are mostly a cosmetic concern, but they can cause discomfort, skin changes and, rarely, ulcers or bleeding.

Symptoms

Bulging veins

Twisted veins on the legs.

Aching legs

Heavy, tired legs, worse at the end of the day.

Itching and skin changes

Itchy or darkened skin around the ankles.

Complications

A painful, hot, hard vein, bleeding or an ulcer needs medical care.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Weak or damaged valves in the leg veins allowing blood to flow backwards and pool.

Key Risk Factors

  • Standing Jobs with long hours standing.
  • Pregnancy and hormones Increase pressure on leg veins.
  • Family history and age Vein walls weaken with age.

Management & Treatment

01. Self-care

Regular walking, raising the legs, keeping a healthy weight.

02. Compression stockings

Help symptoms.

03. Procedures

Laser or radiofrequency ablation, sclerotherapy or surgery for troublesome veins.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are varicose veins dangerous?
Usually not, but see a doctor for pain, swelling, skin changes or bleeding.
Do they come back after treatment?
New varicose veins can develop over time.
Can exercise help?
Yes. Walking helps the calf muscles pump blood.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.