ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
A simple blood test that shows whether there's inflammation in the body.
Quick Summary
To look for inflammation from infection, autoimmune disease and some cancers, and to monitor it.
How fast red blood cells settle in a tube over one hour.
No preparation needed.
Overview
ESR is a non-specific test: a high result shows inflammation is present, but not where or why.
It's often used with other tests such as CRP, and to follow conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or TB.
What It Measures
ESR
Millimetres red cells fall in one hour.
How It's Performed
- 01
Preparation
Usually no special preparation. Tell the staff about medicines you take.
- 02
Blood sample
A small amount of blood is taken from a vein in your arm with a thin needle.
- 03
Afterwards
Press on the spot for a minute. A small bruise is common; you can go back to normal activities.
Reference Ranges
Note: Normal ranges vary by laboratory. Consult your report for the specific reference used.
| Parameter | Typical Range (Adult) | Units |
|---|---|---|
| ESR (men) | 0–15 | mm/hr |
| ESR (women) | 0–20 | mm/hr |
Interpreting Results & Next Steps
Discuss with Doctor
ESR rises naturally with age and in pregnancy. Normal ranges differ between laboratories, ages and sexes; always use the range printed on your report and ask your doctor what your results mean.
If values are High:
A high ESR can mean infection, inflammation, autoimmune disease, anaemia, pregnancy or older age.
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine