Lower Back Pain

Pain in the lower back is very common and usually gets better within a few weeks with simple measures.

BackLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Aching or stiffness in the lower back, pain when moving, bending or lifting, and muscle spasms.

Common Treatments

Staying active, painkillers, heat, exercises and physiotherapy.

Risk Factors

Poor posture, heavy lifting, long sitting, lack of exercise, obesity and stress.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Most back pain is 'non-specific', meaning it comes from muscles, ligaments or joints rather than serious disease.

Rarely, back pain has a serious cause. Warning signs need urgent medical attention.

Symptoms

Aching back

Dull or sharp pain in the lower back.

Stiffness

Especially in the morning.

Muscle spasm

Tight, painful muscles.

Red flags

Numbness around the genitals, loss of bladder control, fever, weight loss or pain after a fall need urgent care.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Strain of muscles and ligaments, joint changes, or disc problems.

Key Risk Factors

  • Lifting and posture Heavy lifting and long sitting.
  • Inactivity Weak core muscles.
  • Weight and stress Both increase risk.

Management & Treatment

01. Stay active

Keep moving and return to normal activities gradually.

02. Pain relief

Paracetamol, ibuprofen or heat packs.

03. Exercise and physiotherapy

Strengthening and stretching.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I rest in bed?
Short rest is fine, but staying active helps recovery.
Do I need an X-ray?
Usually not, unless there are warning signs.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.