Enlarged Prostate (BPH)

A non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland in older men, which can make passing urine difficult.

Men's healthBladderLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Weak urine flow, difficulty starting, needing to go often (especially at night), urgency and feeling the bladder isn't empty.

Common Treatments

Lifestyle changes, medicines such as tamsulosin or finasteride, and surgery for severe symptoms.

Risk Factors

Age over 50, family history and hormonal changes.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

The prostate surrounds the urethra. As it grows with age, it can press on the urethra and affect urine flow.

BPH isn't cancer and doesn't increase cancer risk, but urinary symptoms should be checked to rule out other causes.

Symptoms

Weak flow

Slow stream or dribbling.

Frequent urination

Especially at night.

Urgency

A sudden need to go.

Unable to pass urine

Painful, full bladder needs emergency care.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Hormonal changes with age cause prostate cells to multiply.

Key Risk Factors

  • Age Very common after 50.
  • Family history Increases risk.
  • Other conditions Diabetes and obesity.

Management & Treatment

01. Lifestyle

Reduce fluids before bed, cut caffeine and alcohol.

02. Medicines

Alpha blockers such as tamsulosin; finasteride to shrink the prostate.

03. Surgery

TURP or other procedures for severe symptoms.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is BPH prostate cancer?
No.
Do I need a PSA test?
Your doctor may suggest it after discussing pros and cons.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.