Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood, which can lead to heart failure.

HeartLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Breathlessness, tiredness, swollen ankles, palpitations, chest pain and fainting.

Common Treatments

Medicines for heart failure and rhythm, lifestyle changes, devices and sometimes heart transplant.

Risk Factors

Family history, high blood pressure, heart attacks, alcohol, some infections and pregnancy.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Types include dilated (enlarged, weak heart), hypertrophic (thick heart muscle) and restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Some types run in families, and relatives may need screening.

Symptoms

Breathlessness

With activity or lying down.

Tiredness

Low energy.

Swelling

Ankles and legs.

Fainting

Especially during exercise: get checked.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Genetic changes, damage from other diseases, alcohol, infections or pregnancy.

Key Risk Factors

  • Family history Inherited forms.
  • Alcohol Heavy drinking.
  • Other conditions High blood pressure and heart attacks.

Management & Treatment

01. Medicines

Heart failure and rhythm medicines.

02. Devices

Pacemakers or defibrillators.

03. Lifestyle

Avoid alcohol and follow exercise advice.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should my family be checked?
For inherited types, yes.
How is it diagnosed?
Echocardiogram, ECG and sometimes MRI.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.