Gum Disease

Inflammation and infection of the gums, which can lead to loose teeth if untreated.

TeethGumsLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Bleeding gums when brushing, red swollen gums, bad breath, receding gums and loose teeth.

Common Treatments

Good brushing and flossing, professional cleaning and treatment for advanced disease.

Risk Factors

Poor oral hygiene, smoking and tobacco chewing, diabetes, pregnancy and some medicines.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Gingivitis (early gum disease) can be reversed. If untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which damages the bone holding teeth.

Gum disease is linked with diabetes and heart disease.

Symptoms

Bleeding gums

When brushing or flossing.

Swollen, red gums

Tender to touch.

Bad breath

That doesn't go away.

Loose teeth

In advanced disease.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Plaque bacteria at the gum line causing inflammation.

Key Risk Factors

  • Oral hygiene Not brushing and cleaning between teeth.
  • Tobacco Smoking and chewing tobacco.
  • Diabetes Increases risk and severity.

Management & Treatment

01. Daily care

Brush twice, clean between teeth.

02. Dental cleaning

Scaling to remove tartar.

03. Advanced treatment

Deep cleaning or surgery for periodontitis.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I stop brushing if gums bleed?
No, gentle brushing helps them heal.
Is it linked to diabetes?
Yes, each can worsen the other.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.