H. pylori Infection

A common bacterial infection of the stomach that can cause gastritis and ulcers. Many people have it without symptoms.

DigestionInfectionLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Often none. Some people have tummy pain, bloating, nausea, loss of appetite or ulcer symptoms.

Common Treatments

A combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medicine, usually for 14 days.

Risk Factors

Crowded living conditions, unsafe water and childhood infection; common in India.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Helicobacter pylori lives in the stomach lining. It's often picked up in childhood and can stay for life without treatment.

It's a major cause of stomach ulcers and increases the risk of stomach cancer, so it's treated when found in people with symptoms or ulcers.

Symptoms

Often no symptoms

Many people don't know they have it.

Tummy pain

Burning pain in the upper tummy.

Bloating and burping

With nausea.

Ulcer complications

Bleeding or black stools need urgent care.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, spread through contaminated food, water or saliva.

Key Risk Factors

  • Living conditions Crowding and limited clean water.
  • Family Infected family members.
  • Region Common in South Asia.

Management & Treatment

01. Testing

Urea breath test, stool antigen test or biopsy.

02. Combination therapy

Two or three antibiotics with a PPI, taken exactly as prescribed.

03. Confirm clearance

A repeat test after treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should everyone be tested?
Usually only people with ulcers, ongoing indigestion or other specific reasons.
Can it come back?
Reinfection is possible but uncommon in adults.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.