Lupus (SLE)

An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissues, affecting the skin, joints, kidneys and other organs.

AutoimmuneLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Tiredness, joint pain, a butterfly-shaped rash on the face, fever, hair loss, mouth ulcers and sensitivity to sunlight.

Common Treatments

Hydroxychloroquine, steroids and immune-suppressing medicines, sun protection and regular monitoring.

Risk Factors

Being female (especially age 15–45), family history, and some medicines or infections as triggers.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) varies a lot between people. It tends to flare and settle.

Kidney involvement (lupus nephritis) is serious, so regular urine and blood tests are important.

Symptoms

Fatigue

Often severe.

Joint pain

And swelling.

Rash

A butterfly rash across cheeks and nose, worse in sun.

Kidney signs

Swelling or foamy urine.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

An autoimmune reaction with autoantibodies attacking body tissues.

Key Risk Factors

  • Sex Much more common in women.
  • Genes Family history of autoimmune disease.
  • Triggers Sunlight, infections and some medicines.

Management & Treatment

01. Hydroxychloroquine

Used long term for most people.

02. Steroids and immunosuppressants

For flares and organ involvement.

03. Sun protection

Sunscreen and covering skin.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can women with lupus have children?
Yes, with careful planning and specialist care.
How is it diagnosed?
From symptoms and blood tests such as ANA and anti-dsDNA.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.