Lymphoma

Cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It often starts as painless swollen glands.

CancerLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Painless swelling in the neck, armpits or groin, fever, night sweats, weight loss, tiredness and itching.

Common Treatments

Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell transplant.

Risk Factors

Weak immunity (such as HIV), some infections (Epstein-Barr virus), age and family history.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

The two main types are Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Many are highly treatable, and Hodgkin lymphoma is often curable.

Swollen glands are usually from infections, but glands that keep growing or last more than a few weeks should be checked. In India, TB is a common alternative cause.

Symptoms

Swollen glands

Painless lumps.

Fever and night sweats

Drenching sweats.

Weight loss

Unexplained.

Itching

Without a rash.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Genetic changes in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.

Key Risk Factors

  • Weak immunity HIV and transplant medicines.
  • Infections Epstein-Barr virus and H. pylori for some types.
  • Age Varies by type.

Management & Treatment

01. Chemotherapy

Often combined with immunotherapy.

02. Radiotherapy

For localised disease.

03. Transplant

For relapsed cases.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are swollen glands cancer?
Usually not, but persistent ones need checking.
How is it diagnosed?
With a lymph node biopsy.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.