Biopsy
A procedure that removes a small piece of tissue to examine under a microscope, often to diagnose cancer.
Quick Summary
To find out whether a lump or abnormal area is cancer, infection or inflammation.
Cell type and features of the tissue.
Depends on the site; tell your doctor about blood thinners.
Overview
Biopsies can be taken with a needle, during endoscopy or by surgery.
Results guide treatment decisions.
What It Measures
Histology
Cell type and pattern.
Special tests
Markers that guide cancer treatment.
How It's Performed
- 01
Anaesthetic
Usually local anaesthetic.
- 02
Sample
Tissue taken with a needle, endoscope or small cut.
- 03
Afterwards
Keep the site clean.
Interpreting Results & Next Steps
Discuss with Doctor
Your doctor will explain what your result means and what happens next.
If values are High:
The pathologist's report describes what's found.
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Biopsy(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Biopsy(opens in a new tab) · NHS