Measles
A highly contagious viral illness causing fever, cough, red eyes and a widespread rash. It can be serious, especially in young children.
Quick Summary
High fever, cough, runny nose, red watery eyes, small white spots inside the mouth, then a red-brown rash.
No specific medicine. Rest, fluids, fever control and vitamin A for children. Complications need medical care.
Not being vaccinated, young age, malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency.
Overview
Measles is caused by a virus that spreads very easily through the air. Nearly everyone who isn't immune will catch it if exposed.
Complications include pneumonia, diarrhoea, ear infections and brain inflammation. Two doses of measles-containing vaccine, part of India's immunisation schedule, give strong protection.
Symptoms
High fever
Often the first sign.
Red, watery eyes
With runny nose and cough.
Rash
Starts on the face and behind the ears, then spreads down the body.
Warning signs
Breathing difficulty, fits, drowsiness or dehydration need urgent care.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Infection with the measles virus, spread by breathing in droplets from an infected person.
Key Risk Factors
- Not vaccinated The main risk factor.
- Malnutrition Increases the risk of severe measles.
- Vitamin A deficiency Linked with more complications.
Management & Treatment
01. Supportive care
Rest, fluids and paracetamol for fever.
02. Vitamin A
Given to children with measles to reduce complications.
03. Treat complications
Antibiotics for bacterial infections such as pneumonia or ear infections.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is measles prevented?
How long is someone contagious?
Can adults get measles?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Measles(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Measles(opens in a new tab) · NHS