Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A condition where unwanted, distressing thoughts (obsessions) lead to repetitive behaviours or mental rituals (compulsions).

Mental healthLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Repeated unwanted thoughts (contamination, harm, order) and urges to wash, check, count or repeat actions to ease anxiety.

Common Treatments

Cognitive behavioural therapy with exposure and response prevention, and SSRI medicines.

Risk Factors

Family history, stressful events and some infections in children.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

People with OCD often know their thoughts aren't realistic but feel driven to do the compulsions, which can take hours each day.

OCD is treatable, and therapy can greatly reduce symptoms.

Symptoms

Obsessions

Intrusive, unwanted thoughts or images.

Compulsions

Repeated washing, checking or arranging.

Time-consuming

Rituals take up a lot of time.

Anxiety

Distress if rituals can't be done.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Involves brain circuits that control habits and worry; genes play a part.

Key Risk Factors

  • Family history OCD or anxiety in relatives.
  • Stress Can trigger or worsen OCD.
  • Other conditions Anxiety, depression and tic disorders.

Management & Treatment

01. Therapy

Exposure and response prevention (ERP).

02. Medicines

SSRIs such as fluoxetine or sertraline.

03. Support

Family understanding and support groups.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is OCD just being tidy?
No. It causes real distress and interferes with life.
Can children get OCD?
Yes, it often starts in childhood or adolescence.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.