Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A common hormonal condition in women causing irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne and difficulty getting pregnant.
Quick Summary
Irregular or missed periods, excess facial or body hair, acne, weight gain, thinning scalp hair and difficulty conceiving.
Lifestyle changes and weight loss, hormonal birth control, metformin and fertility treatment if needed.
Family history, insulin resistance and obesity.
Overview
PCOS involves higher levels of male-type hormones (androgens), irregular release of eggs and often many small follicles on the ovaries.
It's very common in Indian women and is linked with insulin resistance, raising the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease later. Treatment depends on symptoms and whether pregnancy is wanted.
Symptoms
Irregular periods
Infrequent, missed or heavy periods.
Excess hair and acne
Hair on the face, chest or back.
Weight gain
Especially around the waist.
Fertility problems
Difficulty getting pregnant due to irregular ovulation.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Not fully understood; involves insulin resistance and hormonal imbalance, with a strong genetic link.
Key Risk Factors
- Family history PCOS or type 2 diabetes in relatives.
- Insulin resistance Common in PCOS, even in slim women.
- Weight Excess weight makes symptoms worse.
Management & Treatment
01. Lifestyle
Healthy diet and regular exercise; losing even 5–10% of weight can help.
02. Medicines
Combined birth control pills to regulate periods; metformin for insulin resistance; treatments for hair and acne.
03. Fertility treatment
Medicines such as letrozole to help ovulation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get pregnant with PCOS?
Does PCOS go away?
Do I need an ultrasound?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS)(opens in a new tab) · NHS