Period Pain

Cramping pain in the lower tummy during periods. It's common, but severe pain may have an underlying cause.

Women's healthLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Cramping lower tummy pain, back pain, pain spreading to thighs, nausea and headache during periods.

Common Treatments

Painkillers such as mefenamic acid or ibuprofen, heat, exercise and hormonal contraception.

Risk Factors

Young age, heavy periods, endometriosis, fibroids and family history.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Period pain is caused by the womb muscle contracting, triggered by substances called prostaglandins.

Pain that's severe, getting worse, or happening outside periods should be checked for conditions such as endometriosis.

Symptoms

Cramps

In the lower tummy.

Back pain

Lower back ache.

Nausea

And tiredness.

Severe pain

That stops normal activities: see a doctor.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Prostaglandins causing strong womb contractions.

Key Risk Factors

  • Age More common in teenagers and young women.
  • Conditions Endometriosis and fibroids.
  • Heavy periods Linked with more pain.

Management & Treatment

01. Painkillers

NSAIDs taken at the start of pain.

02. Heat

Hot water bottle on the tummy.

03. Hormonal options

Birth control pills for some women.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is period pain normal?
Mild to moderate pain is common; severe pain isn't normal.
Does exercise help?
Yes, regular exercise can reduce pain.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.