Sepsis

A life-threatening reaction to an infection, where the body damages its own organs. It needs emergency treatment.

InfectionEmergencyLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Fever or very low temperature, fast heartbeat, fast breathing, confusion, cold clammy skin, little urine and feeling extremely unwell.

Common Treatments

Emergency antibiotics, fluids and organ support in hospital.

Risk Factors

Very young or old age, weak immunity, diabetes, recent surgery, and infections such as pneumonia or UTI.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Sepsis can start from any infection. Early recognition and treatment save lives.

If someone with an infection becomes suddenly much worse, call 112.

Symptoms

Fever or low temperature

Shivering.

Fast heartbeat

And breathing.

Confusion

Slurred speech or drowsiness.

Little urine

And mottled skin.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

An overwhelming immune response to infection.

Key Risk Factors

  • Age Babies and older adults.
  • Weak immunity Cancer treatment, HIV, diabetes.
  • Infections Pneumonia, urinary and tummy infections.

Management & Treatment

01. Antibiotics

Given urgently.

02. Fluids and oxygen

To support the body.

03. Intensive care

For organ support.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is sepsis contagious?
No, but the infection causing it may be.
Can sepsis be prevented?
Treating infections early and vaccination help.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.