Tonsillitis

Infection and swelling of the tonsils at the back of the throat, causing a sore throat and pain on swallowing. Common in children.

ThroatInfectionLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Sore throat, pain on swallowing, red swollen tonsils, fever, swollen neck glands and bad breath.

Common Treatments

Rest, fluids and pain relief. Antibiotics if it's caused by bacteria such as strep.

Risk Factors

Children and teenagers, close contact with infected people, and frequent throat infections.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Tonsillitis is usually caused by viruses; some cases are caused by bacteria, especially group A Streptococcus (strep throat).

Most cases get better within a week. Untreated strep throat can rarely lead to rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart, so a doctor may test or treat it.

Symptoms

Sore throat

Pain that's worse on swallowing.

Swollen tonsils

Red, sometimes with white patches.

Fever

With tiredness and headache.

Warning signs

Difficulty breathing, drooling or being unable to swallow fluids need urgent care.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Viral or bacterial infection of the tonsils, which are part of the body's defence against germs.

Key Risk Factors

  • Age Most common in children and teenagers.
  • Close contact Schools and crowded places.
  • Recurrent infections Some people get tonsillitis repeatedly.

Management & Treatment

01. Pain relief

Paracetamol or ibuprofen, warm drinks, honey and salt-water gargles for older children and adults.

02. Antibiotics

Amoxicillin or penicillin if strep is likely, taken for the full course.

03. Surgery

Removing the tonsils may be considered for frequent, severe tonsillitis.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is tonsillitis contagious?
The viruses and bacteria that cause it can spread through coughs and sneezes.
When are tonsils removed?
When severe tonsillitis keeps coming back, after discussion with a specialist.
Why does strep throat matter?
Treating it lowers the risk of rare complications such as rheumatic fever.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.