Urinary Incontinence

Accidental leaking of urine. It's common, especially in women and older adults, and can usually be improved.

BladderLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Leaking urine when coughing, sneezing or exercising (stress), or a sudden urge you can't hold (urge), or both.

Common Treatments

Pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, lifestyle changes, medicines and sometimes surgery.

Risk Factors

Pregnancy and childbirth, menopause, obesity, older age, prostate problems and some neurological conditions.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Stress incontinence happens when pelvic floor muscles are weak. Urge incontinence happens when the bladder muscle squeezes too often.

Many people don't seek help out of embarrassment, but treatment is effective.

Symptoms

Leaking with effort

When coughing, laughing or lifting.

Sudden urge

Not reaching the toilet in time.

Frequent urination

Including at night.

Skin irritation

From wetness.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Weak pelvic floor muscles, an overactive bladder, or nerve and prostate problems.

Key Risk Factors

  • Childbirth Stretches pelvic floor muscles.
  • Menopause Lower oestrogen weakens tissues.
  • Weight Increases pressure on the bladder.

Management & Treatment

01. Pelvic floor exercises

Daily exercises strengthen the muscles.

02. Bladder training

Gradually increasing time between toilet visits.

03. Medicines and surgery

For urge incontinence or when other treatments don't help.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it just part of ageing?
It's common but not inevitable, and it's treatable.
Should I drink less water?
Don't cut fluids too much; limit caffeine instead.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.