Haemoglobin Electrophoresis / HPLC
A blood test that identifies abnormal types of haemoglobin, used to diagnose thalassaemia and sickle cell disease.
Quick Summary
To diagnose thalassaemia, sickle cell disease and carrier status, especially before marriage or in pregnancy.
Types and amounts of haemoglobin, such as HbA, HbA2, HbF and HbS.
No preparation needed.
Overview
Carrier testing helps couples understand the risk of having a child with thalassaemia major or sickle cell disease.
India runs screening programmes in some states.
What It Measures
HbA2
Raised in beta-thalassaemia trait.
HbS
Sickle haemoglobin.
HbF
Foetal haemoglobin.
How It's Performed
- 01
Preparation
Usually no special preparation. Tell the staff about medicines you take.
- 02
Blood sample
A small amount of blood is taken from a vein in your arm with a thin needle.
- 03
Afterwards
Press on the spot for a minute. A small bruise is common; you can go back to normal activities.
Reference Ranges
Note: Normal ranges vary by laboratory. Consult your report for the specific reference used.
| Parameter | Typical Range (Adult) | Units |
|---|---|---|
| HbA2 | Below 3.5 | % |
Interpreting Results & Next Steps
Discuss with Doctor
Iron deficiency can affect results. Normal ranges differ between laboratories, ages and sexes; always use the range printed on your report and ask your doctor what your results mean.
If values are High:
Raised HbA2 suggests thalassaemia trait; HbS shows sickle trait or disease.
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine