Anal Fissure

A small tear in the skin around the anus, causing sharp pain and bleeding when passing stool.

BowelLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Sharp, burning pain during and after passing stool, bright red blood and itching.

Common Treatments

Softening stools with fibre and fluids, warm baths and creams that relax the muscle; surgery if it doesn't heal.

Risk Factors

Constipation, hard stools, diarrhoea, childbirth and low-fibre diet.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

A fissure usually happens when passing a hard stool. The pain can make people avoid the toilet, leading to more constipation and slower healing.

Most heal within a few weeks with simple treatment. Long-lasting (chronic) fissures may need further treatment.

Symptoms

Sharp pain

During and for hours after a bowel movement.

Bleeding

Bright red blood on paper.

Itching

And irritation.

Muscle spasm

Around the anus.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Stretching of the anal lining by hard or large stools, causing a tear.

Key Risk Factors

  • Constipation Hard stools and straining.
  • Childbirth Can cause fissures.
  • Diarrhoea Frequent loose stools can irritate the skin.

Management & Treatment

01. Soft stools

Fibre, fluids and sometimes a mild laxative.

02. Warm baths

Ease pain and muscle spasm.

03. Prescription creams

Glyceryl trinitrate or diltiazem ointment relax the muscle; surgery for chronic fissures.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will it heal on its own?
Many do within a few weeks with soft stools.
Is bleeding serious?
Usually not, but persistent bleeding should be checked.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.