Haemorrhoids (Piles)

Swollen blood vessels in and around the anus, which can cause bleeding, itching and discomfort.

BowelLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Bright red blood after passing stool, itching, a lump near the anus, discomfort and mucus discharge.

Common Treatments

More fibre and fluids, avoiding straining, creams and sitz baths; procedures for persistent piles.

Risk Factors

Constipation and straining, pregnancy, obesity, sitting for long periods and low-fibre diet.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Haemorrhoids are very common. They can be inside the rectum (internal) or under the skin around the anus (external).

They often get better on their own. Rectal bleeding should still be checked, as it can have other causes.

Symptoms

Bleeding

Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the pan.

Itching

Around the anus.

Lump or swelling

That may need to be pushed back.

See a doctor

For dark blood, heavy bleeding or changes in bowel habit.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Increased pressure in the veins of the rectum and anus, often from straining.

Key Risk Factors

  • Constipation And straining on the toilet.
  • Pregnancy Increased pressure in the pelvis.
  • Lifestyle Low-fibre diet and sitting for long periods.

Management & Treatment

01. Fibre and fluids

Fruit, vegetables, whole grains and water to soften stools.

02. Symptom relief

Warm sitz baths and soothing creams.

03. Procedures

Banding, sclerotherapy or surgery for persistent piles.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are piles dangerous?
Usually not, but bleeding should be checked by a doctor.
Do I need surgery?
Most people don't.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.