Bronchiolitis

A common viral chest infection in babies under 2, causing cough, wheeze and difficulty feeding.

ChildrenBreathingLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Runny nose and cough, then fast or noisy breathing, wheezing, poor feeding and sometimes pauses in breathing in young babies.

Common Treatments

Most babies get better at home with fluids and rest; some need hospital care for oxygen and feeding.

Risk Factors

Age under 1 year, premature birth, heart or lung conditions and exposure to smoke.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Bronchiolitis is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It inflames the small airways in the lungs.

Symptoms peak around days 3–5 and the cough can last weeks. Watch for breathing difficulty and dehydration.

Symptoms

Cough and wheeze

After cold symptoms.

Fast breathing

Or difficulty breathing.

Poor feeding

Fewer wet nappies.

Danger signs

Pauses in breathing, blue lips or drowsiness: call 112.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Viral infection, usually RSV, of the small airways.

Key Risk Factors

  • Age Babies under 6 months.
  • Prematurity Premature babies.
  • Smoke exposure Second-hand smoke.

Management & Treatment

01. Home care

Small frequent feeds, saline nose drops, upright position.

02. Watch closely

For breathing difficulty and dehydration.

03. Hospital

Oxygen and feeding support if needed.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do antibiotics help?
No, it's a viral infection.
Do inhalers help?
Usually not for bronchiolitis.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.