Common Cold
A mild viral infection of the nose and throat, causing a runny nose, sneezing and sore throat. It usually gets better within a week or two.
Quick Summary
Runny or blocked nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, mild headache and sometimes a mild fever.
Rest, fluids, steam inhalation and simple medicines for symptoms. Antibiotics don't help.
Close contact with people who have colds, young children at school or nursery, and touching the face after touching surfaces.
Overview
The common cold is caused by many different viruses, most often rhinoviruses. It spreads through droplets and by touching contaminated hands or surfaces.
Adults typically get two to four colds a year and children more. Colds get better on their own, usually within 7 to 10 days.
Symptoms
Runny or blocked nose
With sneezing, often the first signs.
Sore throat
Usually mild and improves after a few days.
Cough
May last a little longer than other symptoms.
Mild headache and tiredness
Sometimes with a slight fever.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Infection of the nose and throat with one of more than 200 cold viruses.
Key Risk Factors
- Age Young children catch more colds.
- Season Colds are more common in cooler and rainy months.
- Close contact Schools, offices and crowded places.
Management & Treatment
01. Rest and fluids
Rest and drink warm fluids.
02. Symptom relief
Paracetamol for aches and fever, saline nose drops, steam and honey for cough (not for babies under one year).
03. See a doctor if needed
If symptoms last more than three weeks, get worse, or you have difficulty breathing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do antibiotics help a cold?
How can I avoid spreading it?
Is it a cold or flu?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Common Cold(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Common cold(opens in a new tab) · NHS