Cirrhosis

Severe scarring of the liver from long-term damage, which stops it working properly.

LiverChronic conditionLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Early: often none. Later: tiredness, jaundice, swollen tummy and legs, easy bruising, itching and confusion.

Common Treatments

Treating the cause, stopping alcohol, medicines for complications and liver transplant in advanced cases.

Risk Factors

Heavy alcohol use, hepatitis B and C, fatty liver disease and some inherited or autoimmune conditions.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Cirrhosis develops over many years as healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue.

The damage can't usually be undone, but treating the cause can stop it getting worse.

Symptoms

Jaundice

Yellow skin and eyes.

Swollen tummy and legs

From fluid build-up (ascites).

Easy bruising and bleeding

The liver makes fewer clotting proteins.

Confusion

Toxins affecting the brain (encephalopathy) need urgent care.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Long-term injury to the liver from alcohol, viruses, fat or other causes, leading to scarring.

Key Risk Factors

  • Alcohol A leading cause in India.
  • Hepatitis B and C Long-term infection.
  • Fatty liver Linked to obesity and diabetes.

Management & Treatment

01. Treat the cause

Stopping alcohol, antiviral medicines, weight loss.

02. Manage complications

Diuretics for fluid, medicines and procedures for bleeding risk.

03. Transplant

For people with liver failure.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can the liver heal?
Early damage can improve; established cirrhosis usually doesn't reverse.
Is it linked to cancer?
Yes; regular ultrasound checks are advised.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.