Coeliac Disease

An autoimmune condition where eating gluten (in wheat, barley and rye) damages the small intestine.

DigestionAutoimmuneLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Diarrhoea, bloating, tummy pain, weight loss, tiredness, anaemia, and poor growth in children.

Common Treatments

A strict, lifelong gluten-free diet.

Risk Factors

Family history, type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease and other autoimmune conditions.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

In coeliac disease, gluten triggers the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine, so nutrients aren't absorbed properly.

It's more common in north India, where wheat is a staple. Some people have few gut symptoms and only anaemia or tiredness.

Symptoms

Diarrhoea

Often loose, pale, bulky stools.

Bloating and gas

After eating gluten.

Tiredness and anaemia

From poor absorption of iron and vitamins.

Poor growth

Short height and delayed puberty in children.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

An immune reaction to gluten in genetically prone people.

Key Risk Factors

  • Family history Close relatives with coeliac disease.
  • Autoimmune conditions Type 1 diabetes and thyroid disease.
  • Diet Wheat-based diets in prone people.

Management & Treatment

01. Gluten-free diet

Avoid wheat (atta, maida, suji), barley and rye; rice, millets and pulses are safe.

02. Dietitian support

To learn hidden sources of gluten.

03. Supplements

For iron, calcium, vitamin D or other deficiencies.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I stop gluten before testing?
No. Keep eating gluten until tests are done, or results may be falsely normal.
Is it an allergy?
No, it's an autoimmune condition.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.