Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A common long-term condition causing tummy pain, bloating and changes in bowel habits, without damage to the bowel.

DigestionBowelLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Tummy pain or cramps that ease after passing stool, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation or both.

Common Treatments

Diet changes, managing stress, regular exercise, and medicines for specific symptoms.

Risk Factors

Stress, anxiety, past gut infections, some foods, and being female.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

IBS is a disorder of how the gut and brain work together. The bowel is more sensitive and moves food too quickly or slowly.

It can be uncomfortable and affect daily life, but it doesn't cause cancer or lasting damage.

Symptoms

Tummy pain

Cramps that often improve after a bowel movement.

Bloating

And gas.

Changes in stool

Diarrhoea, constipation, or alternating.

Not typical of IBS

Blood in stool, weight loss or symptoms starting after 50 need checking.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Not fully understood; involves gut sensitivity, gut-brain signalling and gut bacteria.

Key Risk Factors

  • Stress Can trigger flare-ups.
  • Gut infection IBS can start after gastroenteritis.
  • Food triggers Some people react to certain foods.

Management & Treatment

01. Diet

Regular meals, enough fluids, and a dietitian-guided low-FODMAP diet for some.

02. Stress management

Exercise, sleep, relaxation and therapy.

03. Medicines

Antispasmodics, fibre, laxatives or anti-diarrhoeals for specific symptoms.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is IBS serious?
It doesn't damage the bowel, but symptoms can be troublesome.
How is it diagnosed?
From symptoms, after ruling out other conditions with simple tests.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.