Depression
A common mental health condition causing persistent low mood and loss of interest, affecting daily life. It's treatable.
Quick Summary
Feeling sad or empty most days, loss of interest, tiredness, sleep and appetite changes, poor concentration, guilt and thoughts of death.
Talking therapies, antidepressant medicines, exercise, social support and treating related problems.
Stressful life events, family history, long-term illness, loneliness, substance use and postnatal period.
Overview
Depression is more than feeling down for a few days. It's a real illness that affects thoughts, feelings and the body.
It's common in India but often goes untreated because of stigma. Help is available, and most people recover. If you have thoughts of harming yourself, call 112 or the Tele-MANAS helpline (14416) straight away.
Symptoms
Low mood
Most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks.
Loss of interest
In things you used to enjoy.
Sleep and appetite changes
Too much or too little.
Thoughts of self-harm
Seek help immediately.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
A mix of biological, psychological and social factors affecting brain chemistry and mood.
Key Risk Factors
- Life events Loss, relationship problems, job loss, abuse.
- Family history Depression in relatives.
- Health Chronic illness, chronic pain and hormonal changes.
Management & Treatment
01. Talking therapies
Counselling and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
02. Medicines
Antidepressants such as sertraline or escitalopram.
03. Self-care
Regular activity, routine, sleep and staying connected.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is depression a weakness?
How long do antidepressants take?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Depression(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Depression in adults(opens in a new tab) · NHS