Osteoarthritis

The most common type of arthritis, where the cartilage cushioning the joints wears down, causing pain and stiffness, often in the knees.

JointsLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Joint pain that's worse with activity, stiffness after rest, creaking, swelling and reduced movement, often in knees, hips and hands.

Common Treatments

Exercise, weight loss, physiotherapy, painkillers, injections and joint replacement for severe cases.

Risk Factors

Older age, being female, obesity, previous joint injury, family history and squatting or kneeling for long periods.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Osteoarthritis develops slowly as the smooth cartilage on the ends of bones thins and the joint changes shape.

Knee osteoarthritis is very common in India. Staying active and keeping a healthy weight are the most effective treatments.

Symptoms

Joint pain

Worse with activity and at the end of the day.

Stiffness

After rest, easing within 30 minutes.

Reduced movement

Difficulty climbing stairs or squatting.

Swelling

And bony lumps on finger joints.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Wear and repair processes in the joint become unbalanced, leading to cartilage loss and bone changes.

Key Risk Factors

  • Age and sex More common in older people and women.
  • Weight Extra weight increases stress on knees and hips.
  • Injury and overuse Past injuries and repetitive strain.

Management & Treatment

01. Exercise and weight loss

Strengthening exercises and walking.

02. Pain relief

Paracetamol, anti-inflammatory gels and tablets as advised.

03. Injections and surgery

Steroid injections or joint replacement for severe pain.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I stop walking because my knee hurts?
No. Regular gentle activity helps.
Is it the same as rheumatoid arthritis?
No. Osteoarthritis is wear-related; RA is autoimmune.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.