Peripheral Neuropathy

Damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, often causing numbness, tingling and pain in the feet and hands.

NervesLast updated: 21 October 2026

Quick Summary

Primary Symptoms

Numbness, tingling, burning pain, weakness, loss of balance, and reduced feeling in the feet.

Common Treatments

Treating the cause (such as diabetes or B12 deficiency), pain medicines and foot care.

Risk Factors

Diabetes, vitamin B12 deficiency, alcohol, some medicines, kidney disease and infections.

OverviewSymptomsCausesTreatmentFAQ

Overview

Peripheral nerves carry messages between the brain and the body. When damaged, sensation and movement are affected, usually starting in the feet.

Diabetes is the most common cause. Numb feet are at risk of unnoticed injuries and ulcers.

Symptoms

Numb feet

Often starting in the toes.

Burning pain

Or pins and needles.

Weakness and imbalance

Especially in the dark.

Foot wounds

Unnoticed cuts or ulcers need prompt care.

Causes & Risk Factors

Biological Causes

Nerve damage from high blood sugar, vitamin deficiency, toxins or other diseases.

Key Risk Factors

  • Diabetes The leading cause.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency Common in vegetarians and with metformin use.
  • Alcohol Long-term heavy drinking.

Management & Treatment

01. Treat the cause

Control blood sugar, replace vitamins, stop alcohol.

02. Pain relief

Medicines such as pregabalin, duloxetine or amitriptyline.

03. Foot care

Daily checks, good footwear and regular podiatry.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can nerve damage be reversed?
Sometimes partly, if the cause is treated early.
Why check my feet every day?
Numb feet may not feel injuries.

Sources and further reading

Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.