Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses, the air spaces behind the cheeks and forehead, often after a cold, causing facial pain and a blocked nose.
Quick Summary
Blocked or runny nose, pain and pressure around the eyes, cheeks or forehead, reduced sense of smell and headache.
Rest, fluids, steam and saline nose rinses. Most cases clear without antibiotics; some need them.
Colds, allergies, nasal polyps, a bent nasal septum, smoking and air pollution.
Overview
The sinuses are lined with tissue that makes mucus. When they're inflamed and blocked, mucus builds up and causes pressure and pain.
Most sinusitis follows a cold and gets better within two to three weeks. Long-lasting (chronic) sinusitis lasts more than 12 weeks and may need specialist care.
Symptoms
Blocked nose
With thick yellow or green mucus.
Facial pain and pressure
Worse when bending forward.
Reduced smell
And sometimes a bad taste.
Warning signs
Swelling around the eyes, severe headache or vision changes need urgent care.
Causes & Risk Factors
Biological Causes
Swelling of the sinus lining, most often from a viral cold, sometimes followed by bacterial infection, or from allergies.
Key Risk Factors
- Colds and allergies The most common triggers.
- Nasal problems Polyps or a bent septum can block drainage.
- Smoke and pollution Irritate the nose and sinuses.
Management & Treatment
01. Home care
Rest, fluids, steam inhalation and saline nasal rinses.
02. Pain relief
Paracetamol or ibuprofen if suitable.
03. Medicines
Steroid nasal sprays for ongoing symptoms; antibiotics only for some bacterial infections.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need antibiotics?
When should I see a doctor?
Can allergies cause sinusitis?
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Sinusitis(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine
- Sinusitis (sinus infection)(opens in a new tab) · NHS