Urine Routine Test (Urinalysis)
A test of a urine sample that checks for infection, sugar, protein, blood and other signs of disease.
Quick Summary
To check for urinary infection, kidney disease and diabetes, and in pregnancy.
Colour, pH, protein, sugar, ketones, blood, white cells and crystals.
Collect a clean midstream sample, ideally the first urine of the morning.
Overview
A dipstick gives quick results; microscopy looks at cells and crystals.
Abnormal results may need a urine culture or blood tests.
What It Measures
Protein and sugar
Kidney disease and diabetes.
White cells and nitrites
Infection.
Blood
Stones, infection or other causes.
How It's Performed
- 01
Clean catch
Wash your hands and genital area.
- 02
Midstream sample
Pass a little urine into the toilet, then collect the middle part in the sterile container.
- 03
Hand in
Close the lid and return it promptly.
Interpreting Results & Next Steps
Discuss with Doctor
Contamination can affect results. Your doctor will explain what your result means and what happens next.
If values are High:
Protein, sugar, blood or white cells can point to kidney disease, diabetes or infection.
Sources and further reading
Last updated 21 October 2026. For more detail, see these trusted health organisations.
- Urinalysis(opens in a new tab) · MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine